POLYANDRY

POLYANDRY

http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/arts/anthropology/tutor/marriage/polyandry.html 23:44 3 FEB

http://www.shef.ac.uk/aps/mbiolsci/kate-hutchence/polyandry.html 00:03

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyandry 00:20

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyandry_in_Tibet 00:24

Polyandry is a form of polygamy in which one woman is married to several men. Polyandry has been traditionally thought of as a rare phenomenon, however recent research has shown this trend is widespread throughout the animal kingdom, with evidence of multiple mating by females in many groups. This trend is surprising because it appears to go against the basic principles of sexual selection.

The process of breeding has many costs including an increased risk of predation, energy loss, time lost that could have been spent feeding, and increased risk of harm from members of the same species. Taking all this into consideration, why would a female mate multiply?

There are several different ways this might be happening, and it is possible that a combination of these factors may be driving polyandry:

1. Genetic bet-hedging: females mate with many males to gain greater genetic diversity in their offspring, thereby hedging their bets against a changing environment.

2. Genetic improvement or Trade-up: females are relating with a good quality male in order to 'trade-up' on a previous mating with a low-quality male.

3. The good genes model: females mate multiply to gain access to 'good genes' for their offspring by trading up, or post-copulatory cues (this assumes that there in one best male for all females).

4. The genetic incompatibility model: females are mating multiply to gain access to the male that they are most genetically compatible with by trading-up, or postcopulatory cues (this assumes that there is no one best male for all females and that due to the genetic complexity of organisms each female has her own best mate).

Polyandry in Tibet was a traditional marriage practice that existed within a milieu whereby a woman could have several husbands; a father and his sons could share the same wife, and a mother and her daughters could share the same husband.

Islam and Judaism ban polyandry completely. In Islam the verse from the Quran that is typically used for a proof in this matter is Surah Nisa’ Chapter 4 verses 22 to 24, which gives the list of women with whom one cannot marry and it is further mentioned in Surah Nisa’ Chapter 4 verse 24. Nikah Ijtimah, a pre-Islamic tradition of polyandry, was forbidden by Islam.There is at least one reference to polyandry in the ancient Hindu epic, Mahabharata. Draupadi marries the five Pandava brothers. This ancient text remains largely neutral to the concept of polyandry, accepting this as her way of life.

In Indonesia, Polyandry is not recognizing because there is no verse in law (undang-undang). If we do it we can get “Undang-Undang No 1 Tahun 1974 yang mengatur tentang perceraian dan perzinahan”